术语表
Chinese Metaphysics Glossary

天干（Tiān Gān）是中国传统历法和命理学中的十个基本符号，与五行一一对应，分阴阳两极。天干是八字命盘中每一柱的上半部分（天干在上，地支在下），其中日柱天干即为“日主”（Day Master），是八字分析的核心。 十天干及其属性如下： 甲（Jiǎ）— 阳木。如参天大树，刚直向上，代表正直、自信、有领导力。 乙（Yǐ）— 阴木。如花草藤蔓，柔韧灵活，代表温和、适应力强、善于合作。 丙（Bǐng）— 阳火。如太阳烈日，光明热烈，代表热情、慷慨、直率。 丁（Dīng）— 阴火。如烛火灯光，温暖细腻，代表温文尔雅、细心、智慧。 戊（Wù）— 阳土。如大山巨岩，厚重稳固，代表诚实、可靠、包容。 己（Jǐ）— 阴土。如田园沃土，滋养万物，代表务实、细致、善于培养。 庚（Gēng）— 阳金。如刀剑铁器，锋利果决，代表刚毅、果断、改革。 辛（Xīn）— 阴金。如珠宝玉石，精致美丽，代表敏感、审美力强、追求完美。 壬（Rén）— 阳水。如江河大海，奔腾不息，代表智慧、机敏、善于变通。 癸（Guǐ）— 阴水。如雨露清泉，润物无声，代表直觉、内省、深沉。

The Heavenly Stems (Tian Gan) are ten fundamental symbols in the Chinese traditional calendar and destiny analysis, each corresponding to one of the Five Elements and classified as either yin or yang. The Heavenly Stems form the upper half of each pillar in the Bazi chart (Stem on top, Branch below), and the Day Pillar's Heavenly Stem is the "Day Master" — the core of Bazi analysis. The Ten Heavenly Stems and their attributes are: Jia (甲) — Yang Wood. Like a towering tree, upright and reaching skyward. Represents integrity, confidence, and leadership. Yi (乙) — Yin Wood. Like flowers and vines, flexible and adaptable. Represents gentleness, adaptability, and cooperative spirit. Bing (丙) — Yang Fire. Like the blazing sun, radiant and intense. Represents enthusiasm, generosity, and directness. Ding (丁) — Yin Fire. Like candlelight, warm and delicate. Represents elegance, attentiveness, and wisdom. Wu (戊) — Yang Earth. Like mountains and boulders, heavy and stable. Represents honesty, reliability, and inclusiveness. Ji (己) — Yin Earth. Like fertile farmland, nurturing all things. Represents pragmatism, meticulousness, and the ability to cultivate. Geng (庚) — Yang Metal. Like swords and iron, sharp and decisive. Represents strength, decisiveness, and reform. Xin (辛) — Yin Metal. Like jewels and jade, refined and beautiful. Represents sensitivity, aesthetic sense, and perfectionism. Ren (壬) — Yang Water. Like rivers and oceans, surging endlessly. Represents intelligence, wit, and resourcefulness. Gui (癸) — Yin Water. Like rain and springs, nourishing silently. Represents intuition, introspection, and depth.

地支（Dì Zhī）是与天干配合使用的十二个符号，每个地支对应一个生肖动物和特定的五行属性。地支构成八字命盘中每一柱的下半部分，内含一至三个“藏干”（Hidden Stems），这些藏干是计算五行力量分布的关键。 十二地支及其对应关系如下： 子（Zǐ）— 鼠（Rat）— 阳水。时辰：23:00-01:00。藏干：癸水。 丑（Chǒu）— 牛（Ox）— 阴土。时辰：01:00-03:00。藏干：己土、癸水、辛金。 寅（Yín）— 虎（Tiger）— 阳木。时辰：03:00-05:00。藏干：甲木、丙火、戊土。 卯（Mǎo）— 兔（Rabbit）— 阴木。时辰：05:00-07:00。藏干：乙木。 辰（Chén）— 龙（Dragon）— 阳土。时辰：07:00-09:00。藏干：戊土、乙木、癸水。 巳（Sì）— 蛇（Snake）— 阴火。时辰：09:00-11:00。藏干：丙火、庚金、戊土。 午（Wǔ）— 马（Horse）— 阳火。时辰：11:00-13:00。藏干：丁火、己土。 未（Wèi）— 羊（Goat）— 阴土。时辰：13:00-15:00。藏干：己土、丁火、乙木。 申（Shēn）— 猴（Monkey）— 阳金。时辰：15:00-17:00。藏干：庚金、壬水、戊土。 酉（Yǒu）— 鸡（Rooster）— 阴金。时辰：17:00-19:00。藏干：辛金。 戌（Xū）— 狗（Dog）— 阳土。时辰：19:00-21:00。藏干：戊土、辛金、丁火。 亥（Hài）— 猪（Pig）— 阴水。时辰：21:00-23:00。藏干：壬水、甲木。

The Earthly Branches (Di Zhi) are twelve symbols used in combination with the Heavenly Stems, each corresponding to a zodiac animal and a specific Five Element attribute. The Branches form the lower half of each pillar in the Bazi chart and contain one to three "Hidden Stems" that are essential for calculating Five Element strength distribution. The Twelve Earthly Branches and their correspondences are: Zi (子) — Rat — Yang Water. Hour: 23:00-01:00. Hidden Stems: Gui Water. Chou (丑) — Ox — Yin Earth. Hour: 01:00-03:00. Hidden Stems: Ji Earth, Gui Water, Xin Metal. Yin (寅) — Tiger — Yang Wood. Hour: 03:00-05:00. Hidden Stems: Jia Wood, Bing Fire, Wu Earth. Mao (卯) — Rabbit — Yin Wood. Hour: 05:00-07:00. Hidden Stems: Yi Wood. Chen (辰) — Dragon — Yang Earth. Hour: 07:00-09:00. Hidden Stems: Wu Earth, Yi Wood, Gui Water. Si (巳) — Snake — Yin Fire. Hour: 09:00-11:00. Hidden Stems: Bing Fire, Geng Metal, Wu Earth. Wu (午) — Horse — Yang Fire. Hour: 11:00-13:00. Hidden Stems: Ding Fire, Ji Earth. Wei (未) — Goat — Yin Earth. Hour: 13:00-15:00. Hidden Stems: Ji Earth, Ding Fire, Yi Wood. Shen (申) — Monkey — Yang Metal. Hour: 15:00-17:00. Hidden Stems: Geng Metal, Ren Water, Wu Earth. You (酉) — Rooster — Yin Metal. Hour: 17:00-19:00. Hidden Stems: Xin Metal. Xu (戌) — Dog — Yang Earth. Hour: 19:00-21:00. Hidden Stems: Wu Earth, Xin Metal, Ding Fire. Hai (亥) — Pig — Yin Water. Hour: 21:00-23:00. Hidden Stems: Ren Water, Jia Wood.

五行（Wǔ Xíng）是中国哲学的基础理论之一，认为宇宙万物由木（Wood）、火（Fire）、土（Earth）、金（Metal）、水（Water）五种基本元素的运动和变化构成。五行之间存在两种核心关系： 相生（Producing Cycle / 生）：一种元素滋养、促进另一种元素的关系。 木生火 — Wood produces Fire（木材燃烧生火） 火生土 — Fire produces Earth（火烧成灰烬化为土） 土生金 — Earth produces Metal（矿石蕴藏于土中） 金生水 — Metal produces Water（金属冷凝生水珠） 水生木 — Water produces Wood（水滋养树木生长） 相克（Controlling Cycle / 克）：一种元素制约、控制另一种元素的关系。 木克土 — Wood controls Earth（树根穿透土壤） 土克水 — Earth controls Water（土堤阻挡水流） 水克火 — Water controls Fire（水浇灭火焰） 火克金 — Fire controls Metal（烈火熔化金属） 金克木 — Metal controls Wood（刀斧砍伐树木） 在八字命理中，五行的力量平衡是分析命盘的基础。日主的五行属性决定了其他七个字与日主之间的十神关系——生我者为“印”（Resource），我生者为“食伤”（Output），克我者为“官杀”（Power），我克者为“财”（Wealth），同我者为“比劫”（Companion）。五行的旺衰强弱取决于出生月份（季节）、地支藏干以及天干之间的生克制化关系。

The Five Elements (Wu Xing) are one of the foundational theories of Chinese philosophy, holding that all things in the universe are composed of the movement and transformation of five basic elements: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Two core relationships exist among the Five Elements: Producing Cycle (Sheng): One element nourishes and promotes another. Wood produces Fire — wood fuels combustion Fire produces Earth — flames create ash that becomes earth Earth produces Metal — ore is contained within the earth Metal produces Water — metal condenses moisture Water produces Wood — water nourishes tree growth Controlling Cycle (Ke): One element restrains and governs another. Wood controls Earth — roots penetrate soil Earth controls Water — embankments block water flow Water controls Fire — water extinguishes flames Fire controls Metal — intense heat melts metal Metal controls Wood — axes fell trees In Bazi destiny analysis, the balance of Five Element strength is the foundation for chart interpretation. The Day Master's elemental attribute determines the Ten God relationships between the other seven characters and the Day Master — what produces me is "Resource" (Direct Resource / Indirect Resource), what I produce is "Output" (Eating God / Hurting Officer), what controls me is "Power" (Direct Officer / Seven Killings), what I control is "Wealth" (Direct Wealth / Indirect Wealth), and what is the same as me is "Companion" (Friend / Rob Wealth). The relative strength of the Five Elements depends on the birth month (season), the Hidden Stems within the Earthly Branches, and the producing-controlling relationships among the Heavenly Stems.

十神（Shí Shén）是八字命理中最核心的概念体系，描述了命盘中其他七个天干地支与日主（Day Master）之间的五行关系。十神分为五组，每组包含一阴一阳两个神煞： 比肩 / 劫财 — Friend / Rob Wealth（同我者）： 比肩（Friend）：与日主同五行、同阴阳。代表平辈、朋友、竞争者、独立性。 劫财（Rob Wealth）：与日主同五行、异阴阳。代表竞争、争夺、合作中的分歧。 食神 / 伤官 — Eating God / Hurting Officer（我生者）： 食神（Eating God）：日主所生、同阴阳。代表才华、享受、口福、表达力、创造力。 伤官（Hurting Officer）：日主所生、异阴阳。代表叛逆、聪明、创新、不满于现状。 正财 / 偏财 — Direct Wealth / Indirect Wealth（我克者）： 正财（Direct Wealth）：日主所克、异阴阳。代表稳定收入、务实、节俭、正当财富。 偏财（Indirect Wealth）：日主所克、同阴阳。代表投资回报、意外收获、大方、人缘。 正官 / 七杀 — Direct Officer / Seven Killings（克我者）： 正官（Direct Officer）：克日主者、异阴阳。代表正当权威、纪律、自律、社会地位。 七杀（Seven Killings）：克日主者、同阴阳。代表压力、激烈竞争、魄力、改革力量。 正印 / 偏印 — Direct Resource / Indirect Resource（生我者）： 正印（Direct Resource）：生日主者、异阴阳。代表学历、教养、支持、传统知识。 偏印（Indirect Resource）：生日主者、同阴阳。代表非正统学问、灵感、特殊技能、孤独。 注意：在Joey Yap的术语标准中，“印”译为“Resource”而非“Seal”，“比肩”译为“Friend”而非“Companion”。本站全面采用Joey Yap的英文术语标准。

The Ten Gods (Shi Shen) are the most central conceptual system in Bazi destiny analysis, describing the Five Element relationships between the other seven Stems and Branches in the chart and the Day Master. The Ten Gods are divided into five pairs, each containing one yang and one yin variant: Friend / Rob Wealth (Same element as Day Master): Friend (比肩): Same element and same yin-yang polarity as the Day Master. Represents peers, friends, competitors, and independence. Rob Wealth (劫财): Same element but opposite yin-yang polarity. Represents rivalry, contention, and disagreements within partnerships. Eating God / Hurting Officer (Produced by Day Master): Eating God (食神): Produced by the Day Master, same yin-yang polarity. Represents talent, enjoyment, culinary fortune, expressiveness, and creativity. Hurting Officer (伤官): Produced by the Day Master, opposite yin-yang polarity. Represents rebellion, cleverness, innovation, and dissatisfaction with the status quo. Direct Wealth / Indirect Wealth (Controlled by Day Master): Direct Wealth (正财): Controlled by the Day Master, opposite yin-yang polarity. Represents stable income, pragmatism, frugality, and legitimate wealth. Indirect Wealth (偏财): Controlled by the Day Master, same yin-yang polarity. Represents investment returns, unexpected gains, generosity, and social charm. Direct Officer / Seven Killings (Controls the Day Master): Direct Officer (正官): Controls the Day Master, opposite yin-yang polarity. Represents legitimate authority, discipline, self-governance, and social status. Seven Killings (七杀): Controls the Day Master, same yin-yang polarity. Represents pressure, fierce competition, boldness, and transformative force. Direct Resource / Indirect Resource (Produces the Day Master): Direct Resource (正印): Produces the Day Master, opposite yin-yang polarity. Represents education, nurturing, support, and traditional knowledge. Indirect Resource (偏印): Produces the Day Master, same yin-yang polarity. Represents unorthodox learning, inspiration, special skills, and solitude. Note: In Joey Yap's terminology standard, 印 is translated as "Resource" (not "Seal"), and 比肩 is translated as "Friend" (not "Companion"). This site exclusively adopts Joey Yap's English terminology standard.

以下是八字命理中经常出现的核心概念： 日主（Day Master / Rì Zhǔ）：日柱的天干，是整个八字分析的中心。日主代表“自我”，其他七个字都围绕日主来定义十神关系。日主的五行属性和阴阳极性决定了一个人的基本性格底色。 用神（Yong Shen / Useful God）：八字中最需要、对命局最有益的五行元素。在扶抑法（Fu Yi）框架中，身强的日主以克制自己的五行（官杀）和自己克制的五行（财星）为用神；身弱的日主以生助自己的五行（印星）和与自己相同的五行（比劫）为用神。用神是命理分析和人生建议的核心依据。 忌神（Ji Shen / Unfavorable God）：与用神相反，对命局不利的五行元素。了解忌神有助于在日常生活中规避不利的五行影响。 大运（Luck Pillars / Dà Yùn）：每十年为一柱的运势周期，从出生后根据月柱推排。大运代表人生不同阶段的大环境和主要运势趋势，是八字预测的重要组成部分。大运的排列顺序（顺排或逆排）由出生年天干的阴阳属性和性别共同决定。 流年（Annual Pillar / Liú Nián）：每一个年份的干支组合，代表该年的运势影响。流年与大运叠加，共同影响当年的具体运势表现。 纳音（Na Yin / Nà Yīn）：六十甲子各有对应的纳音五行，如“甲子乙丑海中金”、“丙寅丁卯炉中火”等。纳音五行是对干支组合的更细致的五行归类，在某些命理流派中用于辅助分析。 格局（Chart Pattern / Gé Jú）：根据月令（月支）与日主的关系以及命盘中十神的分布，将八字归入不同的格局类型。常见格局包括正官格、七杀格、正印格、食神格等，格局的判定有助于整体解读命盘的核心特质。

The following are core concepts that frequently appear in Bazi destiny analysis: Day Master (日主 / Ri Zhu): The Heavenly Stem of the Day Pillar, serving as the center of all Bazi analysis. The Day Master represents the "self," and all other seven characters define their Ten God relationships relative to it. The Day Master's Five Element attribute and yin-yang polarity determine one's fundamental personality foundation. Yong Shen (用神 / Useful God): The Five Element most needed and most beneficial to the chart's balance. Under the Fu Yi (Support and Restrain) framework, a strong Day Master benefits from the element that controls it (Officer/Killings) and the element it controls (Wealth) as Yong Shen. A weak Day Master benefits from the element that produces it (Resource) and the same element (Companion) as Yong Shen. The Yong Shen is the core basis for destiny analysis and life recommendations. Ji Shen (忌神 / Unfavorable God): The opposite of the Yong Shen — the Five Element that is detrimental to the chart's balance. Understanding the Ji Shen helps in avoiding unfavorable elemental influences in daily life. Luck Pillars (大运 / Da Yun): Ten-year cycles of fortune derived from the Month Pillar after birth. Luck Pillars represent the broader environment and major fortune trends during different life stages and are a vital component of Bazi prediction. The ordering direction (forward or reverse) is determined by the combination of the Year Stem's yin-yang attribute and the individual's gender. Annual Pillar (流年 / Liu Nian): The Stem-Branch combination for each calendar year, representing that year's fortune influence. The Annual Pillar overlays with the Luck Pillar to jointly shape the specific fortune manifestation for that year. Na Yin (纳音 / Na Yin): Each of the 60 Jia Zi has a corresponding Na Yin Five Element, such as "Jia-Zi and Yi-Chou: Gold in the Sea" or "Bing-Yin and Ding-Mao: Fire in the Furnace." Na Yin provides a more nuanced Five Element classification of Stem-Branch combinations and is used as supplementary analysis in certain schools of Bazi practice. Chart Pattern (格局 / Ge Ju): Based on the relationship between the Month Commander (Month Branch) and the Day Master, as well as the distribution of Ten Gods in the chart, the Bazi is classified into different pattern types. Common patterns include Direct Officer Pattern, Seven Killings Pattern, Direct Resource Pattern, Eating God Pattern, and others. Pattern identification aids in the holistic interpretation of the chart's core characteristics.

八字命盘由四柱八字构成，以下是命盘各组成部分的术语解释： 四柱（Four Pillars / Sì Zhù）：年柱、月柱、日柱、时柱。每一柱由一个天干和一个地支组成，合称“干支”（Stem-Branch）。四柱共八个字，因此命理学又被称为“八字”。 年柱（Year Pillar）：代表祖上、家族背景和童年时期（1-16岁左右）的运势。年柱的划分以立春（Li Chun，约每年2月4日）为界，而非农历正月初一。 月柱（Month Pillar）：代表父母、成长环境和青年时期（17-32岁左右）的运势。月柱也称“事业宫”，对事业方向有重要指示作用。月柱的划分以节气（Solar Terms）为界——每个月从一个“节”开始。 日柱（Day Pillar）：代表自我和配偶。日柱天干即日主（Day Master），是分析的核心；日柱地支称为“日支”或“配偶宫”，代表婚姻关系和亲密关系。 时柱（Hour Pillar）：代表子女和晚年运势（49岁以后）。时柱也反映一个人的内在思想和潜意识层面。 藏干（Hidden Stems / Cáng Gān）：每个地支内部蕴含一至三个天干，称为藏干。藏干分为本气（Main Qi，权重最高）、中气（Middle Qi）和余气（Residual Qi）。在计算五行力量分布时，藏干的权重分配为：单藏干[1.0]，双藏干[0.7, 0.3]，三藏干[0.6, 0.3, 0.1]。 空亡（Void / Kōng Wáng）：在六十甲子中，每十个天干与十二个地支配对后，会有两个地支无法配对，这两个“落空”的地支即为空亡。空亡的地支被认为力量减弱或暂时无法发挥作用。 大运（Luck Pillars）：从月柱推排的十年一柱的运势周期。阳年男命或阴年女命顺排，阴年男命或阳年女命逆排。每柱大运代表一个十年周期的主要运势基调。 以上术语构成了八字命理分析的基础框架。深入理解这些概念，将有助于您更好地阅读和理解自己的八字命盘分析报告。

The Bazi chart is composed of Four Pillars and eight characters. Below are the terminology explanations for each component of the chart: Four Pillars (四柱 / Si Zhu): Year Pillar, Month Pillar, Day Pillar, and Hour Pillar. Each pillar consists of one Heavenly Stem and one Earthly Branch, together called a "Stem-Branch" (Gan-Zhi) pair. The four pillars contain eight characters total, which is why the discipline is also called "Ba Zi" (Eight Characters). Year Pillar: Represents ancestors, family background, and fortune during childhood (approximately ages 1-16). The Year Pillar boundary falls at Li Chun (Start of Spring, around February 4th each year), not at the Lunar New Year. Month Pillar: Represents parents, upbringing environment, and fortune during young adulthood (approximately ages 17-32). The Month Pillar is also called the "Career Palace" and provides important guidance for career direction. Month Pillar boundaries follow Solar Terms (Jie Qi) — each month begins at a "Jie" (节) marker. Day Pillar: Represents the self and spouse. The Day Pillar's Heavenly Stem is the Day Master, the core of all analysis. The Day Pillar's Earthly Branch is called the "Day Branch" or "Spouse Palace," representing marriage and intimate relationships. Hour Pillar: Represents children and fortune in later life (after approximately age 49). The Hour Pillar also reflects one's inner thoughts and subconscious level. Hidden Stems (藏干 / Cang Gan): Each Earthly Branch contains one to three Heavenly Stems internally, called Hidden Stems. Hidden Stems are classified as Main Qi (本气, highest weight), Middle Qi (中气), and Residual Qi (余气). When calculating Five Element strength distribution, the weight allocation for Hidden Stems is: single stem [1.0], double stems [0.7, 0.3], triple stems [0.6, 0.3, 0.1]. Void (空亡 / Kong Wang): In the 60 Jia Zi cycle, when ten Heavenly Stems are paired with twelve Earthly Branches, two branches remain unpaired — these "empty" branches are called Void. Branches in Void are considered to have diminished strength or temporarily unable to exert their influence. Luck Pillars (大运 / Da Yun): Ten-year cycles derived from the Month Pillar. Yang year male or yin year female charts run forward; yin year male or yang year female charts run in reverse. Each Luck Pillar represents the dominant fortune tone for a ten-year period. The above terms constitute the foundational framework of Bazi destiny analysis. A thorough understanding of these concepts will help you better read and comprehend your own Bazi chart analysis report.